Green Cement



Green cement is an environmentally friendly product that minimizes carbon footprint of cement production. Many attempts have been made to produce green cements and several green cement types have been produced.
The majority of these are based on technological advances that include energy-efficient, low carbon production methods, new cement formulations, geopolymers, carbon-negative cements and new concrete products.
Types of Green Cement
1. Ekkomaxx Cement
It is a type of green cement that is composed of 95% fly ash and 5% renewable liquid additives. It has nearly zero carbon footprint.The main characteristics of Ekkomax cement are high early strength, resilience, crack resistance, low chloride permeability, sulphate attack resistance, durability, corrosion resistance which is more than three times of conventional cement and the resistance to freezing and thawing is greater than that of normal cement. 
2. Magnesium Oxychloride Cement
Magnesium Oxychloride Cement (MOC) is an environmentally friendly and carbon-neutral cement which is produced from two main materials namely: magnesium oxide (MgO) powder and a concentrated solution of magnesium chloride (MgCl2). These are byproducts from magnesium mining.
3. Geopolymer cement
Geopolymer, which is also known as alkali-activated cement, is produced from aluminosilicates instead of the more environmentally damaging calcium oxide.
The aluminosilicates are obtained from industrial by-product like fly ash. The geopolymer cement is competitive with ordinary Portland cement in performance and cost and it emits 95% less CO2 than the ordinary Portland cement. 
4. Ferrocrete
The ferrocrete cement is manufactured by mixing silica and iron which are waste byproducts from steel and glass industry. This material mixture is then cured with CO2 and consequently, it potentially becomes carbon-negative material. The scientists at the University of Arizona invented ferrocrete.
5. Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement
Calcium sulfoaluminate cements (CSA) are a promising low CO 2 alternative to ordinary Portland cements. They are produced by burning CSA clinker from limestone, bauxite and calcium sulfate at about 1250°C and blending the clinker with 15-25% gypsum and/or anhydrite.
It is used in projects where rapid setting of concrete is crucial such as bridge decks and airport runways. The calcium sulfoaluminate cement can be used as shrinkage compensating cement when higher quantity of gypsum is added.
6. Sequestrated Carbon Cement
The Calera Corp. cement in California produced cement from seawater or brine mixed with CO2 that may be used as a Portland cement substitute. In this cement production process, CO2 rich gases are filtered through seawater.
The calcium and magnesium are stripped from the seawater and react with CO2 to produce high-quality cement, which is white, air-permeable and stronger than regular OPC.
7. Cement Produced Using Superheated Steam
The process of superheated steam can be used to change the cement particles in order to make them more reactive. In this process, the emitted CO2 can be captured after it has been separated.
8. Cement Produced with Reactive Hydrothermal Liquid-phase Densification
This type of cement is produced using the same raw materials as ordinary Portland cement, but at lower temperature and through different chemical reaction that produces less CO2 compared with traditional Portland cement production process.
This cement is blended with water and CO2 and reacts with CO2 to produce calcium carbonate and silica which eventually hardens to make concrete.

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